山東電氣成套中，變壓器選負(fù)荷開關(guān)還是斷路器？看容量就懂

　　In Shandong Electric's complete set, should the transformer be selected as a load switch or a circuit breaker? You can understand by looking at the capacity

　　在山東電氣成套設(shè)備的配置中，變壓器作為電力轉(zhuǎn)換的核心部件，其配套的高壓進(jìn)線開關(guān)選型直接關(guān)系到設(shè)備和運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性。不少企業(yè)采購或運(yùn)維山東電氣成套設(shè)備時(shí)，都會(huì)困惑：多大容量的變壓器該用負(fù)荷開關(guān)，多大的該用斷路器？負(fù)荷開關(guān)與熔斷器又適配哪些情況？其實(shí)答案很明確，核心就是看變壓器的容量大小。今天就專門圍繞這個(gè)問題科普，幫大家理清不同容量變壓器對(duì)應(yīng)的開關(guān)選型邏輯。

　　In the configuration of Shandong Electric's complete set of equipment, transformers are the core components of power conversion, and the selection of their matching high-voltage incoming line switches directly affects the safety and operational stability of the equipment. Many companies are confused when purchasing or operating complete sets of equipment from Shandong Electric: what capacity transformer should use a load switch, and what size should use a circuit breaker? What are the suitable situations for load switches and fuses? The answer is actually very clear, the core is to look at the capacity of the transformer. Today, we will focus on this topic to popularize science and help everyone clarify the switch selection logic corresponding to transformers of different capacities.

　　先給大家簡(jiǎn)單科普下核心部件的作用，方便理解選型的意義。不管是負(fù)荷開關(guān)還是斷路器，本質(zhì)都是高壓進(jìn)線的“控制閥門”，負(fù)責(zé)接通或斷開變壓器的高壓電路，保護(hù)變壓器和整個(gè)電力系統(tǒng)。但兩者的性能和適用場(chǎng)景有明顯區(qū)別：斷路器的保護(hù)功能更，能在故障時(shí)快速切斷大電流、熄滅電弧；負(fù)荷開關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，主要適配常規(guī)通斷需求，常和熔斷器搭配使用提升保護(hù)效果。在山東電氣成套設(shè)備中，選對(duì)開關(guān)類型，既能保障，又能合理控制成本。

　　First, let me briefly explain the role of the core components to facilitate understanding of the significance of selection. Whether it is a load switch or a circuit breaker, they are essentially "safety control valves" for high-voltage incoming lines, responsible for connecting or disconnecting the high-voltage circuit of transformers, protecting transformers and the entire power system. But there are significant differences in performance and applicable scenarios between the two: circuit breakers have more comprehensive protection functions and can quickly cut off high currents and extinguish arcs in case of faults; The structure of the load switch is relatively simple, mainly suitable for conventional on-off requirements, and is often used in conjunction with fuses to enhance protection effectiveness. Choosing the right switch type in Shandong Electric's complete equipment can ensure safety and control costs reasonably.

　　明確關(guān)鍵標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：當(dāng)變壓器容量大于或等于1250kVA時(shí)，高壓進(jìn)線開關(guān)適宜采用斷路器。為啥這個(gè)容量閾值要選斷路器？因?yàn)槿萘俊?250kVA的變壓器，大多用于山東的大型工廠、重型制造業(yè)等場(chǎng)景，運(yùn)行時(shí)承載的電流大，一旦出現(xiàn)短路等故障，產(chǎn)生的破壞力極強(qiáng)。斷路器具備完善的過載保護(hù)、短路保護(hù)功能，能在故障瞬間精準(zhǔn)切斷電路，快速熄滅電弧，避免故障擴(kuò)大燒毀變壓器或引發(fā)更大事故。而且這類大型變壓器是企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的核心電力設(shè)備，用斷路器能保障供電連續(xù)性，符合山東工業(yè)生產(chǎn)對(duì)電力可靠性的高要求。

　　Firstly, clarify the key criteria: when the transformer capacity is greater than or equal to 1250kVA, circuit breakers are suitable for high-voltage incoming switches. Why choose a circuit breaker for this capacity threshold? Because transformers with a capacity of ≥ 1250kVA are mostly used in large factories, heavy manufacturing industries, and other scenarios in Shandong, they carry a large current during operation. Once a short circuit or other fault occurs, the destructive power generated is extremely strong. Circuit breakers have comprehensive overload protection and short-circuit protection functions, which can accurately cut off the circuit at the moment of fault, quickly extinguish the arc, and prevent the fault from expanding and burning out the transformer or causing greater safety accidents. Moreover, these large transformers are the core power equipment produced by enterprises, and the use of circuit breakers can maximize the continuity of power supply, which meets the high requirements for power reliability in Shandong's industrial production.

　　再看另一種情況：當(dāng)變壓器容量小于1000kVA時(shí)，山東電氣成套設(shè)備的高壓柜這邊就可以采用負(fù)荷開關(guān)。這個(gè)容量區(qū)間的變壓器，多應(yīng)用于中小型工廠、商鋪、辦公樓等場(chǎng)景，運(yùn)行電流相對(duì)較小，電路故障的破壞力也可控。負(fù)荷開關(guān)能滿足常規(guī)的分合閘操作需求，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本較低，適配這類場(chǎng)景的使用需求和經(jīng)濟(jì)性要求。不過有個(gè)關(guān)鍵注意點(diǎn)必須牢記：采用負(fù)荷開關(guān)的情況下，變壓器的溫度信號(hào)一定要進(jìn)行上傳。這是因?yàn)樨?fù)荷開關(guān)的保護(hù)功能不如斷路器，通過上傳溫度信號(hào)，能實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控變壓器運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，一旦出現(xiàn)溫度異常，可及時(shí)采取停機(jī)等保護(hù)措施，彌補(bǔ)負(fù)荷開關(guān)的保護(hù)短板。

　　Looking at another scenario: when the transformer capacity is less than 1000kVA, load switches can be used on the high-voltage cabinet side of Shandong Electric's complete equipment. Transformers with this capacity range are mostly used in small and medium-sized factories, shops, office buildings, and other scenarios, with relatively low operating currents and controllable destructive power of circuit faults. The load switch can meet the requirements of conventional opening and closing operations, with a simple structure and low cost, suitable for the usage and economic requirements of such scenarios. However, there is a key point to remember: when using a load switch, the temperature signal of the transformer must be uploaded. This is because the protection function of the load switch is not as comprehensive as that of the circuit breaker. By uploading temperature signals, the operating status of the transformer can be monitored in real time. Once temperature abnormalities occur, protective measures such as shutdown can be taken in a timely manner to compensate for the protection shortcomings of the load switch.

　　可能有人會(huì)追問，那負(fù)荷開關(guān)與熔斷器的適配場(chǎng)景呢？其實(shí)在山東電氣成套設(shè)備中，負(fù)荷開關(guān)大多會(huì)和熔斷器搭配使用，尤其是在容量小于1000kVA的變壓器配置里。熔斷器相當(dāng)于“后備保護(hù)”，當(dāng)電路出現(xiàn)過載或短路時(shí)，熔斷器能先熔斷切斷電流，配合負(fù)荷開關(guān)完成保護(hù)動(dòng)作，既提升了保護(hù)的可靠性，又能控制設(shè)備成本。這種搭配方案在山東的中小型企業(yè)中應(yīng)用廣泛，兼顧了和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。

　　Some people may ask, what are the adaptation scenarios for load switches and fuses? In fact, in the complete equipment of Shandong Electric, load switches are mostly used in conjunction with fuses, especially in transformer configurations with a capacity of less than 1000kVA. Fuses are equivalent to "backup protection". When the circuit is overloaded or short circuited, the fuse can first melt and cut off the current, and cooperate with the load switch to complete the protection action. This not only improves the reliability of protection, but also controls equipment costs. This combination scheme is widely used in small and medium-sized enterprises in Shandong, balancing safety and economy.

　　這里要特別補(bǔ)充一個(gè)容易忽略的點(diǎn)：在1000kVA到1250kVA之間的變壓器，雖然沒有統(tǒng)一的強(qiáng)制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但結(jié)合山東電氣成套設(shè)備的實(shí)際應(yīng)用經(jīng)驗(yàn)，大多會(huì)建議優(yōu)先選用斷路器。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)容量區(qū)間的變壓器處于“臨界狀態(tài)”，若用于生產(chǎn)負(fù)荷波動(dòng)大、對(duì)供電可靠性要求高的場(chǎng)景，斷路器的保護(hù)能更穩(wěn)妥地規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，避免因開關(guān)選型不足導(dǎo)致故障損失。

　　Here is an easily overlooked point to add: for transformers between 1000kVA and 1250kVA, although there is no absolutely unified mandatory standard, based on the practical application experience of Shandong Electric's complete equipment, it is generally recommended to prioritize the use of circuit breakers. Because the transformers in this capacity range are in a "critical state", if used in scenarios with large fluctuations in production loads and high requirements for power supply reliability, comprehensive protection of circuit breakers can more securely avoid risks and prevent losses due to insufficient switch selection.

　　給山東本地企業(yè)提個(gè)實(shí)用建議：采購山東電氣成套設(shè)備時(shí)，一定要先明確變壓器的實(shí)際容量和使用場(chǎng)景，再按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選型。不要為了節(jié)省成本，給大容量變壓器搭配負(fù)荷開關(guān)；也不用給小容量變壓器過度配置斷路器，造成成本浪費(fèi)。同時(shí)，對(duì)于采用負(fù)荷開關(guān)的配置，務(wù)必確認(rèn)溫度信號(hào)上傳功能是否完善，日常運(yùn)維中也要檢查這個(gè)信號(hào)通道是否正常。

　　A practical suggestion for local enterprises in Shandong: When purchasing complete sets of equipment from Shandong Electric, it is necessary to first clarify the actual capacity and usage scenarios of the transformer, and then select according to the standards. Do not pair large capacity transformers with load switches in order to save costs; There is no need to excessively configure circuit breakers for small capacity transformers, which would result in cost waste. At the same time, for configurations that use load switches, it is necessary to confirm whether the temperature signal upload function is complete, and daily operation and maintenance should also focus on checking whether this signal channel is normal.

　　總結(jié)下來，山東電氣成套設(shè)備中變壓器的開關(guān)選型核心很簡(jiǎn)單：容量≥1250kVA選斷路器，容量＜1000kVA可選負(fù)荷開關(guān)（需上傳溫度信號(hào)），負(fù)荷開關(guān)常與熔斷器搭配使用。選對(duì)開關(guān)類型，是變壓器穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的重要保障。如果大家在山東電氣成套設(shè)備的變壓器開關(guān)選型上還有疑問，不妨咨詢的電氣成套設(shè)備廠家，結(jié)合具體容量和使用場(chǎng)景獲取精準(zhǔn)建議。

　　In summary, the core selection of transformer switches in Shandong Electric's complete equipment is very simple: circuit breakers are selected for capacities ≥ 1250kVA, and load switches are selected for capacities ＜ 1000kVA (temperature signals need to be uploaded). Load switches are often used in conjunction with fuses. Choosing the right switch type is an important guarantee for the safe and stable operation of transformers. If you still have questions about the selection of transformer switches for Shandong Electric's complete equipment, you may consult a professional electrical equipment manufacturer to obtain accurate advice based on specific capacity and usage scenarios.

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